Priority Property Pool (PPP) Cases – A Practical, Cost-Effective Property Settlement Pathway

Not every family-law property dispute involves high-value assets, trusts, or complex financial structures.
In fact, many separated couples are simply trying to resolve what to do with a single home, a mortgage, modest savings, and superannuation — yet they find themselves overwhelmed by a legal process that feels far larger than their situation.

Recognising this imbalance, the Family Court introduced the Priority Property Pool (PPP) framework — a streamlined and pragmatic pathway designed specifically for smaller and simpler property disputes.

At Phoenix Law & Associates, we regularly advise clients that PPP is often the most efficient and sensible way forward. Family Lawyers when you’re coping with the emotional upheaval that comes with major changes to the way your family lives, you need a professional third party to help you navigate the legalities of your situation.

What Is a Priority Property Pool (PPP) Case?

A Priority Property Pool (PPP) case is a simplified property-settlement process under the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia (Family Law) Rules 2021 (Cth).

It applies where:

  • The net non-superannuation asset pool is modest (generally under $550,000); and
  • The dispute does not involve complex structures, such as companies, trusts, or self-managed super funds.

The PPP framework is designed to ensure that legal process remains proportionate to the value and complexity of the dispute.

Why the PPP Framework Exists

Traditional property proceedings can be:

  • Time-consuming,
  • Procedurally heavy, and
  • Disproportionately expensive for parties with limited assets.

In many cases, the legal costs risk eroding the very property the parties are fighting over.

The PPP system was introduced to:

  • Reduce unnecessary delay;
  • Limit procedural complexity;
  • Encourage early disclosure and resolution; and
  • Deliver outcomes faster and at a lower cost.

Put simply, PPP reflects the principle that smaller cases should not be forced through a “one-size-fits-all” litigation model.

When Is a Case Suitable for PPP?

A matter is commonly appropriate for the PPP pathway where:

  • The property pool is relatively small;
  • Assets typically include:
    • The former matrimonial home,
    • A mortgage,
    • Bank accounts, vehicles, and modest superannuation;
  • There are no complicated financial entities;
  • Any parenting issues are already resolved or limited; and
  • Disclosure can be provided without extensive forensic investigation.

The Court retains discretion, but many everyday property disputes fall squarely within PPP criteria.

How a PPP Case Proceeds

1. Simplified Financial Disclosure

Instead of lengthy financial statements, parties provide a PPP Financial Summary, focusing on the essentials:

  • Assets,
  • Liabilities, and
  • Income.

This reduces both preparation time and legal costs at the outset.

2. Active Court Management

PPP matters are managed closely by a Registrar, who takes an active role in:

  • Reviewing disclosure,
  • Identifying real issues in dispute, and
  • Preventing matters from stalling.

This hands-on approach is a key feature distinguishing PPP from traditional litigation.

3. Case Assessment Conference

A Case Assessment Conference is conducted early, allowing:

  • Clarification of financial issues,
  • Targeted disclosure directions, and
  • Meaningful settlement discussions.

A significant number of PPP cases resolve at or shortly after this stage.

4. Conciliation and Short Hearing

If settlement is not achieved:

  • The matter proceeds to conciliation; and
  • If still unresolved, to a short and focused hearing, rather than a lengthy trial.

Most PPP matters are resolved within 6 to 9 months, a fraction of the time taken by standard property proceedings.

What Orders Can the Court Make?

Despite the streamlined process, the Court’s powers in a PPP case are not reduced.

Orders may include:

  • Sale of real property;
  • Transfer of property between parties;
  • Adjustment of property interests under sections 79 or 90SM of the Family Law Act 1975;
  • Superannuation splitting orders; and
  • Authority for the Court Registrar to sign documents where a party cannot be located or refuses to cooperate.

This makes PPP particularly effective in cases involving missing or disengaged parties.

Why PPP Is Often the Best Option

From our experience at Phoenix Law & Associates, PPP offers several key advantages:

✔ Proportionate Legal Costs

Costs are better aligned with the size of the asset pool, preserving value for the parties.

✔ Faster Outcomes

Active case management and simplified procedures significantly reduce delay.

✔ Reduced Stress

The process is less adversarial and more solution-focused.

✔ Practical Court Support

Registrars assist in keeping matters moving and narrowing disputes early.

A Common Scenario

One party remains in the former family home and continues paying the mortgage. The other party cannot be located and will not sign sale documents.

Through a PPP application, the Court can:

  • Order the sale of the property; and
  • Authorise the Registrar to sign documents on behalf of the absent party.

Without PPP, such cases can remain unresolved for years.

 PHOENIX LAW & ASSOCIATES multilingual lawyers.  CALL +61731800908 or email info@phoenix-law.com.au | Level 8, 320 Adelaide Street, Brisbane  #familylaw #PPP #SimplePropertyProcess

(Afrikaans version )

Phoenix Law & Associates | Gesinsreg & Grensoor­skrydende Finansiële Ooreenkomste | Brisbane

’n Huweliksvoorwaardekontrak (Prenup) in Australië is beter bekend as ’n Bindende Finansiële Ooreenkoms (BFO). Vir internasionale paartjies, waar bates en verpligtinge in meer as een land kan bestaan, kan hierdie vorm van kontraktuele sekerheid besonder aantreklik wees. By die verbrokkeling van internasionale huwelike en kontrakte ontstaan daar egter werklike en komplekse regsuitdagings.

Internasionale huwelike is nie meer ongewoon nie. Teen 2026 bestaan tussen 42% en 45% van huwelike uit ten minste een party wat oorsee gebore is. (In werklikheid is een uit elke vier Australiese inwoners oorsee gebore.) Vennootskappe tussen persone uit Japan, Korea, Europa en die Verenigde State en Australiese burgers en permanente inwoners neem voortdurend toe.

Hoewel die huwelik universeel emosionele verbintenis vereis, verskil die regsgevolge van die huwelik aansienlik tussen lande, veral waar bates, families en regstelsels oor landsgrense strek. Baie paartjies vra of ’n huweliksvoorwaardekontrak die moeite werd is. In Australië staan hierdie ooreenkomste bekend as Bindende Finansiële Ooreenkomste (BFO’s). Hoewel dit ’n mate van sekerheid en beskerming kan bied, is die werklike vraagstukke in internasionale huwelike dikwels kompleks.

Sal ’n BFO afdwingbaar wees, en kan dit grensoor­skrydende uitdagings weerstaan?

Bindende Finansiële Ooreenkomste ingevolge die Family Law Act 1975 (Cth)

’n BFO kan op verskillende tye aangegaan word:

  • Voor die huwelik (artikel 90B)
  • Tydens die huwelik (artikel 90C)
  • Na egskeiding (artikel 90D)

’n BFO stel paartjies in staat om vooraf te bepaal hoe gade-onderhoud en finansiële hulpbronne verdeel sal word indien die verhouding verbrokkel, eerder as om hierdie besluite later aan ’n Gesinshof oor te laat. Die partye kom vooraf ooreen oor die finansiële beginsels wat by skeiding sal geld.

Die Werklikheid

’n BFO is nie ’n hofbevel nie, maar ’n privaat kontrak. Die doeltreffendheid daarvan hang hoofsaaklik af van hoe dit opgestel is en onder watter omstandighede dit onderteken is. Wanneer ’n BFO korrek uitgevoer word, kan dit onsekerheid, geskille en duur litigasie aansienlik beperk. (Wanneer) dit egter swak gestruktureer of sonder ’n sorgvuldige proses/se opgestel is, kan dit faal wanneer die huwelik wel verbrokkel.

By internasionale huweliksverbrokkelinge is die risiko hoër, aangesien bykomende faktore ’n rol speel—soos migrasie-afhanklikheid, oorsese bates, botsende regstelsels en magsongelykhede.

Waarom Internasionale Huwelike Anders is

  • Bates wat oorsee belê is, insluitend vaste eiendom, erflatings of familie-ondernemings
  • Verskillende kulturele verwagtings rondom huwelik, geld en familie-rykdom
  • Taalhindernisse wat die begrip van regsadvies byna altyd beïnvloed
  • Migrasiekwessies waar een party op die verhouding staatmaak vir visumstatus
  • Jurisdiksionele risiko’s, waar geskille in meer as een land ingestel kan word

Dit is presies in hierdie omstandighede waar ’n BFO die meeste waarde kan toevoeg, maar ook die kwesbaarste vir betwisting is.

Wanneer ’n BFO Werklik Waarde Toevoeg

In internasionale huwelike kan ’n deeglik gestruktureerde BFO uiters doeltreffend wees indien dit korrek gebruik word:

  1. Beskerming van vooraf-verhoudingsbates
    Waar een party die huwelik met beduidende hulpbronne betree—veral oorsese eiendom of geërfde rykdom—kan ’n BFO duidelik vaslê wat vooraf bestaan het en hoe dit by ’n verbrokkeling hanteer sal word.
  1. Bestuur van kruis-kulturele verwagtings
    Baie geskille spruit uit eensydige aannames eerder as oneerlikheid. ’n Finansiële ooreenkoms skep ’n gemeenskaplike en duidelike verwysingspunt wat toekomstige misverstande tussen gades en hul uitgebreide families kan beperk.
  1. Beperking van multi-jurisdiksionele geskille

Hoewel ’n BFO nie regsprosesse in ’n ander land kan verhoed nie, kan dit onderhandelinge sterk beïnvloed en dikwels help om geskille vroeër op te los deur die paartjie se bedoelings duidelik te bewys.

Afdwingbaarheid in Australië

Australiese howe sal BFO’s slegs afdwing indien streng wetlike vereistes nagekom word. Ooreenkomste word dikwels ongeldig verklaar byvoorbeeld waar:

  • een party onder druk gevoel het om te onderteken (veral kort voor ’n troue of visum-mylpaal),
  • onafhanklike regsadvies oorhaastig of oppervlakkig was,
  • finansiële openbaarmaking onvolledig was, of
  • die ooreenkoms ’n klaarblyklik onbillike uitkoms lewer in die lig van latere gebeure, soos kinders of ernstige siekte.

Internasionale huwelike word besonder streng ondersoek, veral waar migrasie-afhanklikheid bestaan.

Erkenning Oorsee

Daar is geen outomatiese internasionale erkenning van Australiese BFO’s nie. Sommige jurisdiksies mag dit as bewys van bedoeling beskou; ander sal hul eie familie- of eiendomsreg toepas ongeag die ooreenkoms. Dit maak nie ’n BFO nutteloos nie—maar dit beteken wel dat dit nooit as wêreldwye beskerming beskou moet word nie.

Vermybare Foute wat Internasionale Huweliksvoorwaardekontrakte Laat Misluk

  • Ondertekening te laat, wanneer emosionele of immigrasiedruk hoog is
  • Behandeling van die ooreenkoms as ’n blote formaliteit eerder as ’n egte onderhandeling
  • Onduidelike hantering van oorsese bates
  • Versuim om toekomstige veranderinge soos kinders of verhuising in ag te neem
  • Versuim om die BFO met testamente en boedelbeplanning in lyn te hou

’n Swak voorbereide ooreenkoms kan erger wees as geen ooreenkoms nie, aangesien dit valse sekerheid skep en toekomstige litigasierisiko verhoog.

Die Mees Doeltreffende Strategiese Benadering vir Grensoor­skrydende Paartjies

  • Vroeë beplanning, lank voor groot lewensgebeure
  • ’n Gebalanseerde ooreenkoms wat kommersieël realisties is
  • Deeglike, onafhanklike regsadvies vir beide partye
  • Samewerking met oorsese prokureurs waar nodig
  • Integrasie van boedel- en opvolgbeplanning in die BFO

Is Huweliksvoorwaardekontrakte die Moeite werd in Internasionale Huwelike?

Ja—maar slegs indien dit korrek voorberei is.

Ons beskou ’n BFO as ’n risikobestuursinstrument, nie as ’n versekeringspolis nie. Die werklike waarde lê in presisie, billikheid en sorgvuldige beplanning oor jurisdiksies heen. Wanneer dit deeglik opgestel is, kan dit onsekerheid, koste en emosionele spanning aansienlik verminder. Wanneer dit oorhaastig of swak gestruktureer is, kan dit faal wanneer dit die meeste benodig word.

Hoe Phoenix Law & Associates Kan Help

Phoenix Law & Associates (Brisbane) adviseer internasionale paartjies oor Bindende Finansiële Ooreenkomste en grensoor­skrydende gesinsregstrategieë, insluitend:

  • opstel van BFO’s voor die huwelik, tydens die huwelik of na skeiding
  • hersiening van bestaande HVK’s vir afdwingbaarheidsrisiko’s
  • advies oor oorsese bates en finansiële hulpbronne
  • samewerking met buitelandse prokureurs waar bates of blootstelling buite Australië bestaan
  • integrasie van BFO’s met testamente en breër boedelbeplanning
  • voorsiening van kultureel en taalkundig sensitiewe advies waar toepaslik

Indien u ’n internasionale huwelik aangaan—of skei met bates oor landsgrense heen—kan vroeë,  waardevolle advies ’n beslissende verskil maak. In baie gevalle praat ons prokureurs u taal, wat ons by Phoenix Law & Associates onderskei van ander mededingers in ons industrie.

Skakel: +61 7 3180 0908 | 1800 GET HELP
E-pos: info@phoenix-law.com.au
Adres: 320 Adelaide Street, Brisbane

#JapaneseLawyers #KoreanLawyers #ChineseLawyers #SpanishSpeaking
#SouthAfricanLawyers #CrossBorderLawyers #Immigration #Prenup #BindingFinancialAgreement

Domestic violence (DV) is one of the most critical—and often misunderstood—issues in Australian partner visa applications. It can significantly affect the outcome of a partner visa, whether you are the visa applicant or the sponsor.

At Phoenix Law & Associates, we regularly advise clients where DV intersects with migration law, family law, and criminal law. This article explains how DV is assessed, who it affects, and what options may be available.

What Counts as Domestic Violence for Migration Purposes?
For partner visas, domestic violence is broadly defined and goes far beyond physical abuse.
It can include:
• Physical assault or threats
• Sexual abuse
• Emotional or psychological abuse
• Financial control or coercion
• Intimidation, stalking, or harassment
• Controlling behaviour (e.g. isolation from friends/family)
Importantly, you do not need to be convicted of a criminal offence for DV to be relevant in a visa context.

DV Where the Visa Applicant Is the Victim
The Family Violence Exception – A Critical Protection
Australian migration law recognises that victims of domestic violence should not be forced to stay in an abusive relationship to secure permanent residency.
If you applied for a partner visa such as:
• Subclass 820
• Subclass 801
• Subclass 309
• Subclass 100
you may still be eligible for permanent residency even if the relationship has ended, provided you can establish that family violence occurred during the relationship.


Evidence That Can Support a DV Claim
The Department of Home Affairs may accept:
• Court orders (e.g. protection or restraining orders)
• Police reports or charges
• Medical or hospital records
• Psychologist or counsellor reports
• Statutory declarations (including independent expert evidence)
Each case is assessed very carefully, and poorly prepared evidence can lead to refusal. DV does not automatically guarantee approval—the evidence must meet migration law standards.

DV Where the Visa Applicant Is the Alleged Perpetrator
DV allegations against a visa applicant can seriously jeopardise:
• Temporary partner visas
• Permanent partner visas
• Future visa applications
• Character assessments under Australian migration law
If the applicant:
• Has criminal charges,
• Has convictions involving violence,
• Is subject to restraining orders,
the Department may:
• Refuse the visa on character grounds, or
• Cancel an existing visa, depending on severity and timing.

Even pending charges (without conviction) can delay or complicate the assessment.

DV Where the Sponsor Has a History of Violence
Sponsors are also subject to scrutiny.
If a sponsor has:
• A criminal history involving DV or violence,
• Prior convictions against former partners,
• Ongoing court matters,
the Department may:
• Refuse sponsorship approval,
• Limit the number of partners the sponsor can sponsor,
• Apply additional safeguards for the visa applicant.
In some cases, sponsorship is legally barred unless a compelling justification exists.

False or Tactical DV Allegations – A Word of Caution
The Department is highly alert to:
• Fabricated DV claims,
• Tactical allegations made solely to secure PR,
• Inconsistent or unsupported evidence.
False claims can lead to:
• Visa refusal,
• Findings of misleading information,
• Long-term credibility damage with Home Affairs.
DV claims should never be lodged without proper legal advice.

Why Early Legal Advice Is Crucial
DV-related partner visa cases often involve:
• Migration law
• Family law
• Criminal law
• Evidence strategy and expert reports
Mistakes made early—especially in statements or police reports—can be irreversible.

At Phoenix Law & Associates, we:
• Assess DV evidence against migration law thresholds
• Coordinate with family and criminal lawyers where needed
• Advise sponsors and applicants separately where conflicts exist
• Prepare structured, legally persuasive submissions to Home Affairs

Final Thoughts
Domestic violence can either protect or destroy a partner visa application—depending on who was affected, what evidence exists, and how the case is presented.
If DV is part of your situation, do not assume the outcome is obvious. Migration decisions turn on legal detail, credibility, and preparation.

PHOENIX LAW & ASSOCIATES multilingual lawyers. CALL +61731800908 or email info@phoenix-law.com.au | Level 8, 320 Adelaide Street, Brisbane #DomesticViolence #SkilledMigration #immigrationaustralia #Visa

Australia’s migration system is no longer about meeting minimum criteria — it is about priority and national impact.


The National Innovation Visa (NIV), introduced under its current framework from late 2024 and implemented through invitation rounds from 2025, represents a decisive shift away from points tests and occupation lists. It is now one of Australia’s most selective, invitation-only permanent residence pathways, built around an explicit priority assessment model.

At Phoenix Law & Associates, we are seeing that the NIV is fundamentally not first-come, first-served. Invitations are issued strictly in accordance with the Department’s priority categories, regardless of how long an Expression of Interest (EOI) has been lodged.

The Official NIV Priority Assessment Framework
The Department of Home Affairs has published a four-tier priority framework for the National Innovation Visa. Invitations are issued in priority order, meaning lower tiers may receive few or no invitations in competitive rounds.

NIV Priority Levels
Priority Tier Who This Targets
Priority 1 Globally recognised experts and top-tier innovators with exceptional and sustained international achievement (e.g. world-leading researchers, internationally awarded innovators, elite technologists)
Priority 2 Individuals with outstanding innovation impact, including founders, senior executives, and researchers with strong commercialisation, investment, or industry outcomes
Priority 3 Candidates with high-quality but less mature innovation outcomes, or impact that is still developing or narrower in scale
Priority 4 Applicants who meet eligibility but whose achievements are primarily prospective, early-stage, or not strongly aligned with Australia’s strategic priorities

(*Meeting eligibility places you into the system — but priority determines whether you are invited.)

Why Priority Matters More Than Credentials
Under the NIV framework:
• A senior title alone is not decisive
• Academic excellence without translation may be deprioritised
• Early-stage or aspirational innovation may remain uninvited

What the Department is looking for is evidence of delivered outcomes, such as:
• Commercialised technology or IP
• Investment raised or revenue generated
• Scalable business models
• Industry adoption or policy-relevant research
• Clear alignment with Australia’s economic and innovation agenda
Applicants are assessed comparatively, not in isolation.

The Strategic Reality for Applicants
Two applicants may both be eligible for the NIV — but only one may receive an invitation because they are assessed at a higher priority tier.
This is why:
• Some applicants receive invitations quickly
• Others wait months with no movement
• Strong CVs without strategic framing can stall indefinitely
The NIV is not about potential alone — it is about demonstrated national value.

Phoenix Law & Associates – Strategic Insight
The National Innovation Visa is not designed for volume migration. It is a curated program for individuals who can show that their innovation already matters — and matters to Australia. The real challenge is no longer eligibility.

It is priority positioning within the official framework. So early, well-structured advice can materially affect:
• How your achievements are classified
• Which priority tier you fall into
• Whether an invitation is issued at all

So contact Phoenix Immigration team for advice now!

PHOENIX LAW & ASSOCIATES multilingual lawyers. CALL +61731800908 or email info@phoenix-law.com.au | Level 8, 320 Adelaide Street, Brisbane #southafricanlawyer #SpanishSpeaking #JapaneseLawyers #SkilledMigration #immigrationaustralia #ChineseLawyers

On 26 May 2025, Queensland enacted landmark reforms under the Criminal Law (Coercive Control and Affirmative Consent) and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2024 (“The Amendment Act”). These reforms, widely known as Hannah’s Law, criminalise coercive control as a standalone offence and introduce an affirmative model of consent in sexual offence cases.

The reforms are named in memory of Hannah Clarke and her three young children, tragically killed by domestic violence in 2020. Since then, Hannah’s parents, have been tireless advocates for change, determined that no other family should endure the safe fate.

Hannah’s Law marks one of the most significant shifts in Queensland’s criminal law in decades, aiming to recognise and prevent patterns of domestic violence before they escalate.

What Is Coercive Control?

Section 334C of the Criminal Code now defines coercive control as a pattern of abusive behaviour designed to isolate, intimidate, and dominate a partner. It can include:

  • Emotional and psychological abuse
  • Financial restriction or economic control
  • Isolation from friends, family, or support networks
  • Monitoring or surveillance, including cyberstalking
  • Threats of harm to the victim or their loved ones
  • Physical assaults or property damages as part of a wider pattern

To qualify, the behaviour must occur within a domestic relationship and be shown to be intentional and sustained. This section does not require any evidence that the coercive or controlling behaviour caused actual harm to the complainant. The offence carries a maximum penalty of 14 years’ imprisonment.

A narrow defence exists if the conduct was reasonable in the circumstances of the relationship, though the courts will determine what is “reasonable” over time as case law develops.

What Is Affirmative Consent?

The Amendment Act also brings in a new standard of affirmative consent for sexual offences. This means that:

  • Consent must be actively and clearly communicated; silence or passivity is not enough.
  • The defence of “mistake of fact” has been narrowed, making it harder for offenders to argue that they “assumed” consent.
  • The Act explicitly criminalises stealthing (removing a condom during intercourse without consent).

This reform aligns Queensland with a growing national trend that shifts the burden towards ensuring that sexual activity is truly consensual.

Hannah’s Law in Practice: First Conviction

In August 2025, a Cairns man became the first person convicted under the new coercive control laws. He pleaded guilty to six offences, including coercive control, common assault, and wilful damage.

In his remarks, the Magistrate noted the complexity of sentencing without precedent but emphasise the long-term harm that coercive control can inflict. This early case demonstrates the seriousness with which Queensland courts will approach coercive control, even where physical violence is not the sole feature.

Case law for new Act is still emerging, however, the legislation defines coercive control as a course of conduct by an adult in a domestic relationship including de facto, who intends to coerce or control another person through repeated acts of domestic violence.

How Phoenix Law helps if you need support

At Phoenix Law, we understand that legal reforms like Hannah’s Law can be overwhelming. Especially for people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds.

For Victims

We assist clients in obtaining protection orders and navigating the criminal justice system. Our team can provide advice in various language to get their free consultation (up to 30 minutes). We understand sensitive matters such as domestic violence should be handled with compassion and discretion. When English is your second language, it is enormously overwhelming to navigate your legal options. Phoenix Law is always here to support you.

For Defendants

We defend individuals accused under the new laws, ensuring fair treatment and due process. Guidance on navigating the stricter requirements and defending against sexual offence allegations in various languages.

Conclusion

Hannah’s Law represents a turning point in Queensland’s legal response to domestic and sexual violence. By criminalising coercive control and introducing affirmative consent, the state has recognised that abuse extends beyond physical violence and that true consent must be explicit.

As the law develops through cases like the recent Cairns conviction, victims will have stronger protections, and offenders will face clearer consequences.

At Phoenix Law, we are committed to supporting clients, whether victims seeking safety or individuals navigating the complexities of these new offences. With multi-language expertise and a compassionate approach, we stand ready to help our diverse community understand and enforce their rights under Hannah’s Law.

Insights & Advice from Phoenix Law & Associates

Overview

On 2 September 2025, the Australian Government confirmed the settings for the 2025-26 Permanent Migration Program, keeping the total number of places at 185,000, the same as in 2024-25. (Immigration and citizenship Website)

Here’s how those 185,000 places are allocated:

StreamPlaces for 2025-26     % of Total
Skill stream132,200         ~71%
Family stream52,500         ~28%
Special Eligibility300very small portion

A more detailed breakdown by visa category:

Skill Stream Category2024-252025-26
Employer Sponsored44,00044,000
Skilled Independent16,90016,900
Regional33,00033,000
State/Territory Nominated33,00033,000
Business Innovation & Investment1,0001,000
Talent & Innovation (new)4,300
Global Talent (Independent)4,000
Distinguished Talent300
Family Stream Category2024-252025-26
Partner40,50040,500
Parent8,5008,500
Child3,0003,000
Other family500500

Special Eligibility remains at 300 places.

Key Changes & New Features

  • Introduction of the National Innovation Visa (NIV):
    The Talent & Innovation category has been bolstered with 4,300 places in 2025-26. This reflects the government’s push to attract high-calibre individuals to innovation-driven sectors. The NIV replaces or subsumes the previous Global Talent and Distinguished Talent visas for new applicants.
  • No Increase in Total Program Size:
    The overall planning level remains at 185,000, matching the previous year. The government, after consultation with states and territories, decided stability in numbers and composition was preferred.
  • Focus on Skilled Migration Remains Strong:
    The Skills stream still receives about 71% of permanent migration places. Emphasis is on employer-sponsored visas, regional migration, and state/territory-nominated visas.
  • Family Visas Remain Demand-Driven:
    While planning levels are set, the Partner and Child visa categories are largely demand-driven, which means timing, proper preparation of documents, and having applications ready can make a difference.

What This Means for Applicants & Stakeholders

At Phoenix Law & Associates, we see several implications from the 2025-26 planning levels:

  1. Greater Opportunity in Innovation & Talent:
    If you are someone with a strong international reputation, achievements in research, arts, sports, or emerging entrepreneurship, the National Innovation Visa may offer an advantageous pathway. Because it is invitation-based and has strict criteria (see below), strong documentation and early planning are essential.
  2. Regional & State Nomination Visas Remain Important:
    For many skilled migrants, obtaining state or territory nomination or going through regional visa programs can increase chances of success, or provide lower points thresholds. These categories continue to be a major portion of the skill stream.
  3. Family Visa Applicants Should Prepare Early:
    Even though partner and child visa quotas are stable, because these categories are demand-driven, delays or  death can have bigger consequences. Ensuring that applications are ready, complete, and in line with requirements will help avoid unnecessary waiting.
  4. Competitive Pressure Persists for Certain Categories:
    In visa categories where places are limited (e.g., skilled independent, the new NIV), or where many people apply, competition remains high. That means meeting (or exceeding) eligibility criteria and submitting complete, compelling applications will be more crucial than ever.
  5. Stable Environment For Planning:
    Keeping the same numbers as the previous year gives some predictability for individuals, employers, education institutions, and state governments. Stakeholders can plan ahead with less risk of sudden shifts.

National Innovation Visa: More Detail

Because this is one of the newer / restructured parts of the program, here are key points about NIV to note:

  • It is a permanent visa (Subclass 858). It serves to attract exceptionally talented migrants globally.
  • Applicants must be invited before they apply. Expressing interest is not enough on its own.
  • Priority sectors are defined. For example:
    • Tier One: Critical technologies, health industries, renewables and low emission technologies.
    • Tier Two: Agri-food & AgTech; Defence capabilities & space; Education; Financial services & FinTech; Infrastructure & transport; Resources.
  • Indicators of exceptional/outstanding achievement include things like:
    • Top-of-field awards
    • PhDs with high academic influence
    • International recognition or grants
    • Recommendation by expert agencies

Risks or Constraints to Be Aware Of

  • Even though places are allocated, having a place doesn’t guarantee a visa will be granted — the applicant must still meet all eligibility criteria and be approved through the processing system.
  • Processing times may vary depending on demand, document readiness, and complexity of the application.
  • While the Innovation visa opens new opportunities, because it is highly selective and invitation-only, many eligible individuals may still wait or be edged out by stronger applicants.

Advice & Strategic Takeaways

  • Get expert assessment early. Especially for those aiming for the NIV or other competitive skill visa streams, having an assessment of your credentials, achievements, and documentation is crucial well ahead of applying.
  • Consider state or regional pathways. Even if your occupation is not in the highest demand nationally, sometimes state or regional nomination can significantly improve odds.
  • Align with priority sectors. If possible, highlight how your work aligns with critical technologies, health, renewables, etc., especially if going for NIV.
  • Ensure documentation is top quality. Letters of recommendation, evidence of achievement, metrics (publications, awards, etc.), all count. Be precise and thorough.
  • Plan for family migration too. If family visas are part of your plan, ensure you are ready with everything, because even though the planning levels are set, delays or missing documents can push timelines out.

What Phoenix Law & Associates Can Do for You

At Phoenix Law & Associates, we specialise in helping individuals and employers navigate Australia’s migration system, particularly with:

  • Eligibility assessments for various skilled and innovation-based visas
  • Assistance preparing invitation-based visa applications (like NIV)
  • State/territory nomination strategy
  • Family visa applications and ensuring demand-driven visas are correctly prepared
  • Staying up to date with policy and planning level changes, so we can advise clients on timing and strategy

If you’d like help understanding which visa category is right for you under the 2025-26 program, or want us to assess your credentials against the NIV or other streams, please feel free to reach out.

Disclaimer: This article is for general informational purposes only. Migration law is complex and subject to change. Phoenix Law & Associates recommends obtaining personalised legal advice tailored to your individual circumstances.

PHOENIX LAW & ASSOCIATES multilingual lawyers. CALL +61731800908 or email info@phoenix-law.com.au | Level 8, 320 Adelaide Street, Brisbane #SkilledMigration #immigrationaustralia #Australia’sPermanentMigration

Image – with thanks to Trip Advisor .

〜アンカウィジャヤ事件(2016年)から学ぶ事実婚関係の本質〜

オーストラリアの移民法において、配偶者や事実婚パートナーがパートナービザを申請する際には、「真実かつ継続的な関係」であることを示す必要があります。通常は、少なくとも12か月以上の同居や、共同生活に対する相互のコミットメントを示す証拠が求められます。

ところが、実際の裁判例において「愛情がなければ事実婚関係とは認められないのか」という問題が争われたことがあります。その代表例が、アンカウィジャヤ事件(2016年)です。

アンカウィジャヤ事件とは?

この事件は、90歳のオーストラリア人男性と約60歳のインドネシア人女性の事実婚関係をめぐって起こりました。審判所(Tribunal)は、2人の関係について懐疑的でした。

審問の中で、彼女は「彼を愛しているし、人々を愛している」と答えましたが、「彼を特別に愛しているのか」との問いには「私はみんなを愛している」と答えました。大きな年齢差や一般的な期待から外れた関係性もあり、審判所は「相互のコミットメントが不足している」と判断し、ビザ申請を却下しました。

しかし、連邦裁判所(Full Federal Court)はこの判断を覆しました。 裁判所は「感情的またはロマンチックな愛がなくても、パートナーとして共に生活する意思があれば、法的には事実婚関係に該当する」と明確に示したのです。

法律が重視するのは「共同生活の事実」

裁判所は次の点を強調しました。

• 移民法は「恋愛感情」を要件としていない

• 判断基準は 共同生活の事実・相互依存の程度

• 財政的な相互依存、共同家計、社会的な認知、将来の計画といった客観的な要素が重視される

つまり、ロマンティックな愛の言葉は法律上の要件ではなく、「共に生活を築く意思と証拠」があれば足りるのです。

この判例が示す3つの意義

パートナービザ申請者にとって
恋愛感情の有無よりも、共同生活の実態を示す証拠が最重要です。財務面の相互依存や共同家計、将来の生活設計を裏付ける記録が審査のカギとなります。

法的観点から
裁判所は「個人的な価値判断」ではなく、法律に定められた基準に基づき判断すべきことを再確認しました。これにより、多様な形の関係性が公平に扱われることになります。

社会的意義として
この判例は、非伝統的な関係や実務的・ケア重視型のパートナーシップも、移民法上正当なものとして認められる道を開きました。

結論:愛よりも「証拠」が大切

この事件は、パートナービザにおいて大切なのは「恋愛感情の有無」ではなく、「共に生活を築く意思」と「それを裏付ける証拠」であることを示しています。長期的に安定した関係は、友情や信頼、共通の価値観や目標の上に成り立つこともあるのです。

移民法・家族法のご相談はフェニックス法律事務所へ

フェニックス法律事務所(Phoenix Law & Associates)は、移民法・家族法に強みを持つ総合法律事務所です。多言語対応(日・韓・中・英)で、国際的なご家族や移住を検討されている方をサポートいたします。

Navigating the Sponsor’s Role in the Subclass 820 Partner Visa Application
(Original Article by Phoenix Law & Associates)


The Subclass 820 Partner visa offers a crucial pathway for individuals in a genuine spousal or de facto relationship with an Australian citizen, permanent resident, or eligible New Zealand citizen to live together in Australia.
While visa applicants often focus on their own documents and eligibility, the Sponsor’s application is equally critical. In fact, the strength of the Sponsor’s application can determine the success or failure of the entire Partner visa process. Understanding the Sponsor’s responsibilities, eligibility requirements, and evidence obligations is essential to avoid delays, unnecessary stress, or visa refusals.


Why the Sponsor’s Application Matters
The Sponsor’s application is not optional — it is a mandatory requirement and forms the foundation of the Subclass 820 Partner visa process.
The Department of Home Affairs (DHA) assesses the Sponsor to ensure that:
• ✅ The Sponsor is legally eligible to support the visa applicant;
• ✅ The relationship is genuine and continuing; and
• ✅ The Sponsor meets all character and legal requirements.
Key Insight:
Without a properly lodged and approved Sponsor application, the Partner visa cannot be processed. A strong Sponsor application also directly supports the credibility of the relationship and the Applicant’s eligibility to remain in Australia.


Who Can Be a Sponsor
To be eligible as a Sponsor for the Subclass 820 Partner visa, the Sponsor must:
• ✅ Be an Australian citizen, permanent resident, or eligible New Zealand citizen;
• ✅ Be at least 18 years old (exceptions apply where a parent or guardian sponsors if the Applicant is under 18);
• ✅ Meet character requirements by providing police clearances;
• ✅ Not be barred from sponsorship due to:
o Previous multiple sponsorships,
o Specific criminal convictions, or
o Failure to comply with previous sponsorship obligations.
⚠️ Important: The DHA imposes strict limits on repeated sponsorships. If you have sponsored partners before, you may be ineligible or face additional scrutiny.


Application Process
A Partner visa involves two simultaneous applications that must be linked and assessed together:

  1. The Applicant’s Partner visa application; and
  2. The Sponsor’s application.
    Both must be lodged via ImmiAccount, ideally at the same time, to allow the DHA to assess the sponsorship and relationship concurrently.
    ⛔ Warning: If the Sponsor’s application is missing, incomplete, or inconsistent with the Applicant’s, the DHA may:
    • Delay processing;
    • Request additional documents; or
    • Refuse the visa application entirely.
    Key Takeaway Embedded:
    Submitting both applications together, with accurate and consistent information, is essential to avoid costly delays or refusals.

Documents and Evidence Required from the Sponsor
The Sponsor plays a central role in proving the authenticity of the relationship and must provide comprehensive and consistent evidence, including:

  1. Proof of Identity and Status
    • Australian passport, citizenship certificate, or permanent residency visa grant notice.
  2. Relationship Evidence
    The DHA requires strong supporting evidence across four key categories:
    • Financial Commitment → Joint bank statements, shared utility bills, insurance policies.
    • Household Arrangements → Lease agreements, mortgage statements, proof of cohabitation.
    • Social Recognition → Photos together, invitations, social media history, statutory declarations.
    • Commitment to Each Other → Wills, superannuation nominations, and future plans.
  3. Police Clearances
    • Certificates from Australia and any country where the Sponsor has lived for 12 months or more in the last 10 years.
  4. Financial Support Undertaking
    • A written commitment to financially support the Applicant and any dependent children during the temporary visa period.
    NOTE:
    The DHA cross-checks all evidence provided by both parties. Any inconsistencies or missing documents can significantly delay the process or lead to refusal.

Impact on Visa Outcomes
The DHA scrutinises the Sponsor’s background, sponsorship history, character, and financial capacity to ensure compliance with Australian migration law.
A Partner visa may be refused if:
• ❌ The Sponsor fails character or legal checks;
• ❌ Misleading, inconsistent, or incomplete information is submitted;
• ❌ The Sponsor cannot demonstrate financial capacity or willingness to support the Applicant; or
• ❌ The relationship evidence does not meet DHA standards.
Key Takeaway Embedded:
The strength and accuracy of the Sponsor’s application are often the deciding factors in the DHA’s assessment. A weak Sponsor case can undermine an otherwise strong visa application.


Why Professional Guidance Matters
The Subclass 820 Partner visa process can be complex, and DHA decision-makers review every detail of both applications. A single missing document, inconsistent statement, or incomplete sponsorship form can lead to months of delay — or even a visa refusal.
At Phoenix Law & Associates, we:
• Review both the Applicant and Sponsor’s eligibility before lodging;
• Strategically prepare relationship evidence to meet DHA expectations;
• Ensure consistency between the two applications; and
• Guide you through the process to maximise your chances of success.


Conclusion
The Sponsor’s application is not just a formality — it is the cornerstone of the Subclass 820 Partner visa process.
A well-prepared, accurate, and complete Sponsor application:
• Strengthens the credibility of your relationship;
• Avoids unnecessary delays and refusals; and
• Maximises your chances of securing your visa.

PHOENIX LAW & ASSOCIATES multilingual lawyers. CALL +61731800908 or email info@phoenix-law.com.au | Level 8, 320 Adelaide Street, Brisbane #VisaSponsor #SkilledMigration #immigrationaustralia #crossborderlegal


📞 1800 GET HELP
📧 info@phoenix-law.com.au
🌐 www.phoenix-law.com.au

A Guide to Eligibility

  1. Legal Aid in Queensland
    Legal aid is an essential service that ensures all individuals, regardless of their financial situation, have access to legal presentation and advice. In Queensland, Legal Aid Queensland (LAQ) is the main provider of legal aid services, offering assistance in various legal matters mainly in civil law, criminal law, family law and other areas where a person might face significant disadvantages or hardship.
    However, legal aid is not available to everyone. To qualify for assistance, applicants must meet specific criteria, including financial eligibility, the type of legal matter, and the merits of their case. Our article will outline who is entitled to legal aid in Queensland based on these key criteria.

  1. Your Financial Eligibility
    One of the primary factors for determining eligibility for legal aid is financial need. Legal Aid Queensland will apply a means test to assess whether an individual’s income and assets are sufficient to afford private legal representation. The test considers various factors including but not limited to:
    a) Income
    b) Assets and Savings
    c) Dependents

  1. The Income Test
    Aid is not normally granted where your income exceeds the maximum income threshold. You are required to provide your salary or wage, including copies of your pay slips, bank account statements, tax returns and any documents about your problem with your application.
    In circumstances where you rely on Centrelink payments for your income, you will usually be eligible for legal aid, if your assets are within the set limits. You are required to include Family Tax Benefit payments, along with child maintenance and child support payments, as income.
    If you have investments, you are required to disclose money you received from investments, such as share dividends, rent from investment properties or payments from trusts.


Household Type Maximum income threshold gross income per week
Single $1040.00

Sole Parent (in workforce) $855.00-$1690.00
(depending on the number of children) **

Couple (one in workforce) $1200.00-$2200.00
(depending on the number of children) **

Couple (both in workforce) $1180.00-$2070.00
(depending on the number of children) **

  1. The Asset Test
    When assessing assets, Legal Aid Queensland considers items such as real estate, cash, shares, debentures, or other investments, as well as the assets of anyone who provides financial support to you- unless you are seeking legal aid due to a dispute with that person. However, certain assets are excluded from the assessment, including:
  • The home you live in, as long as the equity is $146,000.00 or less
  • Cash saved for purchasing a home or land you own, as long as the equity is $146,000.00 or less and you signed a contract to buy or build a home before you knew about your legal problem for this cash or land to be exempted under the means test
  • Household furniture unless it is exceptionally valuable
  • Tools you need for your job unless it is exceptionally valuable
  • Your cars or cars (unless you have over $16,000.00 in equity)
  • The first $2,000.00 of an applicant’s savings.

  • Situation Eligibility
    They are single and have no dependent children, and their assessable assets are more than $930.00.
    You may not be eligible for aid or may have to pay some money towards your legal costs.
    They receive financial help from another person or are single with dependent children, and their assessable assets are more than $1,880.00.
    You may not be eligible for aid or may have to pay some money towards your legal costs.

Please take note that the Aid will not be approved if the amount you would have to pay is more than the value of your grant of aid.

  1. General Asset Limits
    If your assessable assets are more than $930.00 (or $1,880.00 if you receive financial help from another person or are single with dependent children), you may not be eligible for aid or may have to pay some money towards your legal costs.

  1. Family Law
    If you are seeking legal aid for a family law property settlement or domestic violence matter, you may have an interest of up to $200,000.00 in allowable assets that are in dispute with the other party.

  1. For Those Aged 60 or Over
    If you are 60 years or older, you can have equity in your home up to $292,000.00, provided you
  • Receive an income-tested allowance or benefit
  • Have lived in the home for more than five (5) years, or had to move out to buy an alternative home due to illness or disability
  1. Farmer or Small Business Owner
    You can have equity in the farm or business up to the following limits:
    Situation Eligibility
    If you are a homeowner and you get financial help from another person Up to $236,500.00.

If you do not obtain financial help from another person- up to $166,750.00*

If you do not own your home and you get financial help from another person Up to $357,500.00.

If you do not get financial help from another person- up to $287,750.00*

  1. Special Circumstances
    Failed to meet the means test but deserve special consideration because you are experiencing multiple disadvantages? Your matter is most likely to be forwarded to a senior officer for discretionary consideration, given that you can show:
  • Your assets exceed the limit set in the means test, but because of your special circumstances, you are unable to access your assets
  • You have access to a modest amount of money in the bank, but because of their special circumstances, taking this money into consideration when assessing financial eligibility for aid is not justified
  • You own substantial assets (apart from cash) that exceed the means test limit but they have no prospect of being employed in the future due to your special circumstances.
  1. Types of Cases the Legal Aid can Fund
    Based on the priorities set for the Legal Aid Centre by the state and federal governments:
    Legal Fields Matters
    Civil Law – Child protection proceedings
  • Domestic and family violence matters
  • Discrimination matters
    Criminal Law – District and Supreme Court criminal proceedings
  • Indictable offences in the Children Court (must be of serious offences)
  • Appeals to the Court of Appeal or High Court
  • Magistrates court committal hearings where the maximum penalty is more than 14 years in jail
  • Bail Applications
    Family Law – Urgent matters where a child’s safety or welfare is at risk or the applicant’s safety is at risk
  • Urgent matters where there is an immediate risk of a child being removed from Australia or to a remote location in Australia
  • Separate representation of children
  • Parenting plans and orders
  • Location and recovery orders
  • Injunctions relating to family violence

You are strongly encouraged to seek legal advice before applying for a grant of legal aid. Our team of legal experts is dedicated to providing tailored services to achieve the best possible outcome. Call our friendly team at 07 3180 0908 if you need legal advice or want to know your next steps.

PHOENIX LAW & ASSOCIATES multilingual lawyers. Email info@phoenix-law.com.au | Level 8, 320 Adelaide Street, Brisbane #phoenixlaw #legalaid #familylaw

Japanese Version – Binding Financial Agreements (BFAs) and International Marriages

よく、セレブや‘有名人が婚前に交わすというプリナップですが、オーストラリアにおいても存在しプリナップ(Prenuptial Agreement/婚前契約)として、法律上はBFA(Binding Financial Agreement:拘束力のある財産契約)と呼ばれます。後述しますが、BFAは必ずしも婚前のタイミングのみではなく、婚姻中または離婚後であっても財産に関する取り決めを交わす契約書として用いられます。

国際結婚の場合、資産や義務が複数の国にまたがることが多く、将来に向けた契約上の明確性は非常に魅力的に映ります。
しかし一方で、国際結婚の破綻においては、現実には複雑で慎重な検討を要する問題が数多く存在します。

国際結婚はもはや珍しくない
2026年時点では、オーストラリアの結婚の約42〜45%が、少なくとも一方の配偶者が海外生まれという国際結婚です。
(実際、オーストラリア居住者の4人に1人は海外生まれです。)日本、韓国、ヨーロッパ、アメリカ出身の方が、オーストラリア市民や永住者とパートナー関係を築くケースは年々増加しています。結婚には普遍的に「感情的なコミットメント」が伴いますが、法的な効果や結果は国ごとに大きく異なります。資産、家族、法制度が国境を越えて存在する場合、その違いは顕著になります。

プリナップ(BFA)は本当に意味があるのか?
多くのカップルが次の疑問を抱きます。
「プリナップ(BFA)は本当に役に立つのか?」
「国境を越える問題にも耐えられるのか?」
オーストラリアでは、プリナップはBinding Financial Agreement(BFA)として制度化されており、一定の「安心感」や「予測可能性」を与えることは事実です。しかし、国際結婚においては、単純な答えは存在しません。

BFAとは何か(オーストラリア法上)
Family Law Act 1975(連邦家族法)の下で、BFAは以下のタイミングで作成できます。
• 結婚前(第90B条)
• 婚姻中(第90C条)
• 離婚後(第90D条)
BFAとは、将来関係が破綻した場合に、
• 財産分与
• 配偶者扶養(スパウザル・メンテナンス)
• 金融資源の扱い
について、家庭裁判所の裁量に委ねず、当事者同士で事前に取り決める契約です。
特に国際カップルにとって、この契約上の明確性は大きな魅力となります。

現実:BFAは「裁判所命令」ではない
重要な点として、BFAは裁判所の命令ではなく、私的契約です。
その有効性は、
• どのように作成されたか
• どのような状況で署名されたか
に完全に左右されます。

適切なプロセスと内容で作成されたBFAは、
• 不確実性を減らし
• 紛争を抑え
• 高額な訴訟を回避
する助けになります。
一方で、拙速・形式的・不十分な内容のBFAは、最も必要な場面で無効になることもあります。

国際結婚の破綻が特に難しい理由
国際結婚では、同じ国の人間同士の結婚と異なり、以下の追加要因が複雑に絡みあうことで、通常より関係破綻の解決が困難になる場合があります。
• 海外に存在する資産(不動産、相続財産、家族経営ビジネスなど)
• 結婚や財産に対する文化的価値観の違い
• 言語の壁による法的助言の理解不足
• 一方が移住し、他方との関係にビザが依存している状況
• 複数国で同時に紛争が始まる管轄リスク
これらは、BFAが最も価値を持つ場面である一方、最も争われやすい場面でもあります。

BFAが真に価値を発揮する場面

  1. 婚前(関係開始前)資産の保護
    海外不動産や相続財産など、関係開始前から存在する資産を明確に特定し、将来どう扱うかを定めることができます。
  2. 文化的期待値の調整
    多くの紛争は不正ではなく「思い込み」から生じます。
    BFAは、夫婦およびその家族間で共通の理解基準を作ります。
  3. 多国間紛争の抑制
    他国での手続きを完全に防ぐことはできませんが、BFAは交渉を有利に進め、早期解決を促す重要な証拠となります。

オーストラリア国内での有効性
裁判所は、以下の場合にBFAを無効とすることがあります。
• 結婚直前やビザ節目での心理的圧力
• 形式的・表面的な独立した法的助言
• 不十分な財産開示
• 子どもの誕生や重病など、後発事情を踏まえると著しく不公平な結果(*特に二人の関係性に片方が移民であることによる極端な依存関係がある場合、厳しく審査される可能性があります。)

オーストラリアBFAの海外での承認性について
オーストラリアのBFAが自動的に海外で承認されることはありません。国によっては参考資料に留まり、独自の家族法を適用する国もあります。つまり、BFAは万能な世界共通防御策ではないという理解が重要です。

国際プリナップが失敗する典型例
• 署名が遅すぎる
• 形式だけの契約
• 海外資産の記載が曖昧
• 子ども・移住など将来変化を無視
• 遺言・相続計画と連動していない
不十分な契約は、存在しないより危険な場合もありますので注意が必要です。

国際カップルにとって最も有効な戦略
BFAの作成にあたり、以下の点についても考慮することでよりBFAの有効性ならびに効力を充分に発揮させることができます。
• 婚姻日より十分前から準備
• 商業的・現実的にバランスの取れた内容
• 両当事者への真に独立した助言
• 必要に応じた海外弁護士との連携
• 相続・事業承継を含めた包括的設計

結論:国際結婚にプリナップは有効か?
答えは「適切に作られていれば Yes」です。BFAは保険ではなく、リスク管理ツールです。そのため、専門家のアドバイスを得たうえで精度・公平性・国際的視点があってこそ本来の価値を持つこととなります。

Phoenix Law & Associates ができること
Phoenix Law & Associates(ブリスベン)では、国際カップル向けに以下の支援を行っています。
• 婚前・婚姻中・別居後BFAの作成
• 既存プリナップの有効性レビュー
• 海外資産・国際財産構成の助言
• 海外弁護士との連携
• 遺言・相続を含めた統合的設計
• 多言語・多文化に配慮した法的助言
国際結婚を予定している方、または国境を越える資産を伴う別居・離婚に直面している方は、早期の専門的助言が結果を大きく左右します。
📞 +61 7 3180 0908 / 1800 GET HELP
✉ info@phoenix-law.com.au
📍 320 Adelaide Street, Brisbane

日本語対応弁護士 #韓国語対応 #中国語対応 #スペイン語対応 #国際家族法 #プリナップ #BFA #移民法 #国際結婚